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Sloths
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Sloths are found in the tall trees of the tropical rain forests and cloud forests of Central and South America. They spend the majority of their time in trees, even sleeping curled up in the crook of a tree. The only time they venture down from the trees is to relieve themselves or to swim. An enclosure for sloths in captivity should emphasis vertical space more than floor space, with ample trees and branches for climbing.
Sloth Diet
Although sloths have four-part stomachs to help them digest the tough leaves that make up the bulk of their diet, they are slow digesters. It can sometimes take up to one month for the animal to fully digest one meal. The leafy diet that the sloth eats is relatively low in nutritional value so the animal doesn't derive much energy from their food, which may be why the animal moves so slowly.
Sloth Enrichment
A sloths life revolves around eating and sleeping. In captivity, sloths will sleep 15 to 20 hours per day, which leaves little time for enrichment activities. In the wild, the animals sleep less. They are not very social animals and prefer solitude. Aside from climbing, the only activity they engage in is swimming, so sloths in captivity would benefit from pool time.
Breeding Sloths
Sloth courtship starts when a female screams a mating call to let any male in the area know that she is available for mating. Mating and birth both take place in the trees. Sloths give birth to just one baby at a time, after a gestational period of between six months and eleven months, depending on the species. The babies stay with their mother for up to four years and ride around clinging to their mother's belly for weeks after birth.
Sloths are split into 2 types, the two-toed and the three-toed sloth. The two-toed has 2 species which are called Linnaeus's two-toed sloth and the Hoffmann's two-toed sloth. The three-toed has 4 different species which are called the Brown-throated sloth, Pale-throated sloth, Pygmy three-toed sloth and the Maned sloth.
A sloth is a mammal that weighs from 7 to 19 pounds and found in the rainforest of Central and South America. Their length is from 18 to 34 inches. A sloth has long coarse hair and moves very slow. Due to their slow movement, they will have algae growing on their fur. The algae will tint their, grayish brown, coat green. They hang from tree branches by their long hooked claws. Some species are only active at night while others are active day or night. Sloths have a very slow metabolism and the lowest mammal body temperature. Because of this, they do not need to eat a lot. Their diet includes leaves, fruit, tree buds and young twigs. Also to help reserve energy, they will sleep about 18 hours a day. They will sleep hanging upside-down from a branch. Also the sloth has the lowest muscle to mass ratios of all mammals therefore they are unable to shiver to keep warm. The sloth will descend from the trees about once a week to defecate and urinate. They will dig a hole first and then will fill it back in when done. When on the ground the can be very clumsy but are great swimmers.
A sloth can live up to 30 years and only the two-toed sloths do well in captivity. The three-toed sloth does not.
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Sloth, (suborder Phyllophaga), tree-dwelling mammal noted for its slowness of movement. All five living species are limited to the lowland tropical forests of South and Central America, where they can be found high in the forest canopy sunning, resting, or feeding on leaves. Although two-toed sloths (family Megalonychidae) are capable of climbing and positioning themselves vertically, they spend almost all of their time hanging horizontally, using their large hooklike extremities to move along branches and vines. Three-toed sloths (family Bradypodidae) move in the same way but often sit in the forks of trees rather than hanging from branches.
What kind of animal is a sloth?
Sloths are mammals. They are part of the order Pilosa, which is also home to anteaters. Together with armadillos, sloths and anteaters form the magnorder Xenarthra.
How many types of sloths are there?
A total of five species of sloths exist: the pygmy three-toed sloth, the maned sloth, the pale-throated three-toed sloth, the brown-throated three-toed sloth, and Linnaeus's two-toed sloth. All sloths are either two-toed or three-toed.
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Where do sloths live?
Sloths live in the lowland tropical areas of South and Central America. They spend most of their life in the forest canopy. Two-toed sloths tend to hang horizontally from branches, while three-toed sloths often sit in the forks of trees.
What do sloths eat?
Sloths are omnivores. Because they spend most of their time in trees, they like to munch on leaves, twigs, flowers, and other foliage, though some species may eat insects and other small animals.
Why are sloths so slow?
Sloths are slow because of their diet and metabolic rate. They eat a low-calorie diet consisting exclusively of plants, and they metabolize at a rate that is only 40–45 percent of what is expected for mammals of their weight. Sloths must move slowly to conserve energy.
Sloths have long legs, stumpy tails, and rounded heads with inconspicuous ears. Although they possess colour vision, sloths’ eyesight and hearing are not very acute; orientation is mainly by touch. The limbs are adapted for suspending the body rather than supporting it. As a result, sloths are completely helpless on the ground unless there is something to grasp. Even then, they are able only to drag themselves along with their claws. They are surprisingly good swimmers. Generally nocturnal, sloths are solitary and are aggressive toward others of the same sex.
Sloths have large multichambered stomachs and an ability to tolerate strong chemicals from the foliage they eat. The leafy food is digested slowly; a fermenting meal may take up to a week to process. The stomach is constantly filled, its contents making up about 30 percent of the sloth’s weight. Sloths descend to the ground at approximately six-day intervals to urinate and defecate (see Sidebar: A moving habitat). Physiologically, sloths are heterothermic—that is, they have imperfect control over their body temperature. Normally ranging between 25 and 35 °C (77 and 95 °F), body temperature may drop to as low as 20 °C (68 °F). At this temperature the animals become torpid. Although heterothermicity makes sloths very sensitive to temperature change, they have thick skin and are able to withstand severe injuries.
All sloths were formerly classified in the same family (Bradypodidae), but two-toed sloths have been found to be so different from three-toed sloths that they are now classified in a separate family (Megalonychidae).
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Three-toed sloths
The three-toed sloth (family Bradypodidae) is also called the ai in Latin America because of the high-pitched cry it produces when agitated. All four species belong to the same genus, Bradypus, and the coloration of their short facial hair bestows them with a perpetually smiling expression. The brown-throated three-toed sloth (B. variegatus) occurs in Central and South America from Honduras to northern Argentina; the pale-throated three-toed sloth (B. tridactylus) is found in northern South America; the maned sloth (B. torquatus) is restricted to the small Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil; and the pygmy three-toed sloth (B. pygmaeus) inhabits the Isla Escudo de Veraguas, a small Caribbean island off the northwestern coast of Panama.
Although most mammals have seven neck vertebrae, three-toed sloths have eight or nine, which permits them to turn their heads through a 270° arc. The teeth are simple pegs, and the upper front pair are smaller than the others; incisor and true canine teeth are lacking. Adults weigh only about 4 kg (8.8 pounds), and the young weigh less than 1 kg (2.2 pounds), possibly as little as 150–250 grams (about 5–9 ounces) at birth. (The birth weight of B. torquatus, for example, is only 300 grams [about 11 ounces].) The head and body length of three-toed sloths averages 58 cm (23 inches), and the tail is short, round, and movable. The forelimbs are 50 percent longer than the hind limbs; all four feet have three long, curved sharp claws. Sloths’ coloration makes them difficult to spot, even though they are very common in some areas. The outer layer of shaggy long hair is pale brown to gray and covers a short, dense coat of black-and-white underfur. The outer hairs have many cracks, perhaps caused by the algae living there. The algae give the animals a greenish tinge, especially during the rainy season. Sexes look alike in the maned sloth, but in the other species males have a large patch (speculum) in the middle of the back that lacks overhair, thus revealing the black dorsal stripe and bordering white underfur, which is sometimes stained yellow to orange. The maned sloth gets its name from the long black hair on the back of its head and neck.
Three-toed sloths, although mainly nocturnal, may be active day or night but spend only about 10 percent of their time moving at all. They sleep either perched in the fork of a tree or hanging from a branch, with all four feet bunched together and the head tucked in on the chest. In this posture the sloth resembles a clump of dead leaves, so inconspicuous that it was once thought these animals ate only the leaves of cecropia trees because in other trees it went undetected. Research has since shown that they eat the foliage of a wide variety of other trees and vines. Locating food by touch and smell, the sloth feeds by hooking a branch with its claws and pulling it to its mouth. Sloths’ slow movements and mainly nocturnal habits generally do not attract the attention of predators such as jaguars and harpy eagles. Normally, three-toed sloths are silent and docile, but if disturbed they can strike out furiously with the sharp foreclaws.
Reproduction is seasonal in the brown- and pale-throated species; the maned sloth may breed throughout the year. Reproduction in pygmy three-toed sloths, however, has not yet been observed. A single young is born after less than six months’ gestation. Newborn sloths cling to the mother’s abdomen and remain with the mother until at least five months of age. Three-toed sloths are so difficult to maintain in captivity that little is known about their breeding behaviour and other aspects of their life history.
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